In a bizarre twist of international trade policy, it wasn’t just penguins that found themselves unexpectedly swept up in US tariffs — even the volcanoes of Australia’s most remote territory weren’t spared.
Heard and McDonald Islands, two sub-Antarctic outposts located about 4,000 kilometers southwest of mainland Australia, were included in sweeping tariff measures introduced under President Donald Trump’s administration. The islands are entirely uninhabited, have no trade infrastructure, and host no commercial activity. Their inclusion sparked confusion — and a wave of online memes showing penguins ready to go to war
but scientists say there’s far more to these islands than viral penguin content.
Volcanic power in a wilderness
Heard Island is home to Big Ben, an active volcano capped by the snow-covered Mawson Peak, which regularly emits lava and gas.
“These islands are geologically active and scientifically invaluable,” said Dr. Justine Shaw, a conservation scientist who spent two months on Heard Island in 2003. “They’re one of the few places where you can witness glacial and volcanic processes interacting in real time.”
Despite their importance, the islands remain largely untouched due to their extreme remoteness and harsh weather. Access is limited to research expeditions conducted via helicopter or inflatable boat from ships offshore. No known landings have occurred since 2016.
Meanwhile, marine ecologist Dr Andrew Constable, who led a 40-day scientific mission to Heard Island in 2004, recalled the brutal environment. “We were held offshore for nine days by storms with 10-meter waves. It’s an incredibly wild place.”
Constable’s team studied how volcanic activity and melting glaciers are reshaping the landscape. As ice retreats, new terrain is revealed — and often transformed again by flowing lava or colonized by hardy plant species. The islands also provide critical data on changing food webs and the global spread of marine debris.
No trade, but tremendous value
Though their appearance on US tariff lists may be baffling, scientists argue the islands are of global importance — not for what they produce, but for what they preserve. With virtually no human interference, Heard and McDonald Islands offers a glimpse into Earth’s raw, evolving systems.
“It’s one of the few places left where you can observe nature in its purest form,” said Constable.
While the islands may have no economic stake in global markets, their volcanic heart and untouched wilderness continue to provide insights into the forces shaping the planet.
Penguin tariffs frenzy
When Trump had initially announced the tariffs including the Heard and McDonald Islands, social media was in a frenzy over the tariffs on penguins. Several memes showing penguins on the way to the White House or coming together to protest flooded the internet. The absurdity of targeting a territory with zero human population sparked both confusion and comedy.
The Heard and McDonald Islands, an Australian territory inhabited only by penguins, seals, and seabirds, found themselves inexplicably included in Trump’s sweeping 10% tariff on all US trading partners. Despite no trade occurring with the US, a White House official cited their Australian affiliation as justification.
Read more:Social media has a field day over Trump’s tariff on uninhabited island
Online reactions were swift and hilarious. Users joked about penguins becoming the first animals dragged into a trade war, questioned the logic behind the move, and even imagined Trump mistaking “McDonald” for a fast-food reference. Memes featured saluting penguins, mock diplomatic protests, and fictional trade negotiations between birds and world leaders.
Australia’s Prime Minister Anthony Albanese responded dryly, stating, “Nowhere on earth is safe,” while noting the decision was “unwarranted.
Notably, Trump ordered a 90-day pause on all tariffs except China. This came amid market meltdown, but he’s raising China tariffs. Market participants have been urging Trump to reduce tariffs, as economists warn that these measures could trigger a worldwide economic downturn and push prices higher.
