New Delhi: Over the past 12 years, the Narendra Modi-led government has built a wide-ranging policy framework around financial inclusion, sanitation, cooking fuel, housing, healthcare, drinking water, farmer support and digital payments. From Jan Dhan accounts and UPI to Ujjwala connections and tap-water supply, several flagship programmes launched or expanded since 2014 have sought to change how millions of Indians access essential services and government support.
As Prime Minister Narendra Modi turns 76 on September 17, 2026, the birthday also comes at a milestone in his political career. Narendra Modi became Gujarat Chief Minister in October 2001 and has served as Prime Minister since May 2014. October 2026 will mark 25 years since he first took charge as the head of a government. Against this backdrop, here is a look at 10 major schemes and initiatives that have come to define the Modi government’s development and welfare agenda, along with what government data says about their reach and expansion over the years.
Jan Dhan Yojana: The Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY) was launched in August 2014 with the objective of providing access to basic banking services to people who had remained outside the formal financial system. The scheme became an important part of the government’s Jan Dhan-Aadhaar-Mobile (JAM) framework, which enables direct transfer of government benefits into bank accounts. The scale of the programme has grown considerably since its launch. According to the latest government figures, 58.63 crore Jan Dhan accounts had been opened as of July 1, 2026, with deposits exceeding Rs 3.08 lakh crore. More than half of these accounts belonged to women.
Swachh Bharat: Launched on October 2, 2014, the Swachh Bharat Mission placed sanitation at the centre of the government’s public campaign. Its first phase focused heavily on toilet construction and eliminating open defecation. Government data says more than 10 crore individual household toilets were constructed under the rural component of the mission, while villages across the country declared themselves open defecation free by October 2019. The programme subsequently moved beyond toilet construction towards sustaining ODF status and improving solid and liquid waste management. As of June 2026, the government reported more than 12.14 crore household toilets and 5.69 lakh villages declared ODF Plus.
Ujjwala Yojana: The Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY) was launched in May 2016 to provide deposit-free LPG connections to adult women from poor households. The original target of eight crore connections was reached in 2019, after which the programme was expanded through Ujjwala 2.0 and subsequent phases. As of July 1, 2025, the government reported 10.33 crore PMUY connections across the country. For eligible beneficiaries, the Centre has also approved a targeted subsidy of Rs 300 per 14.2-kg cylinder for up to nine refills during 2025-26.
PM Awas Yojana: The Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY) was launched in 2015, followed by its rural component in 2016, with the objective of providing pucca houses with basic amenities to eligible families. Government figures released in 2024 showed that 4.21 crore houses had been completed under the scheme over its first decade, after which the Centre approved assistance for another three crore rural and urban households. The rural component has continued to expand. As of August 3, 2026, the government reported that 3.12 crore houses had been completed under PMAY-Gramin against a cumulative allocation of 4.18 crore houses.
Ayushman Bharat: Healthcare became another major focus with the launch of Ayushman Bharat-Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB-PMJAY) in 2018. The scheme provides health cover of up to Rs 5 lakh per family per year for secondary and tertiary hospitalisation to eligible beneficiaries. Government figures put its coverage at around 12.34 crore families, or 55 crore people. In 2024, the scheme was expanded to cover all senior citizens aged 70 years and above, irrespective of their socio-economic status.
Jal Jeevan Mission: The Jal Jeevan Mission, launched in 2019, shifted the focus towards providing functional household tap-water connections in rural areas. The programme has expanded significantly from its starting point, when only a fraction of rural households had tap-water connections. The mission has since been extended, with the government approving Jal Jeevan Mission 2.0 until December 2028 in March 2026. The extension reflects the government’s move from expanding connections to maintaining and improving the functionality of rural water supply systems.
PM-KISAN Yojana: For farmers, one of the major initiatives has been the Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi (PM-KISAN), launched in 2019. Under the scheme, eligible landholding farmer families receive Rs 6,000 a year, paid in three instalments through Direct Benefit Transfer. By the release of the 23rd instalment in June 2026, the government said more than Rs 4.46 lakh crore had been transferred since the scheme began. More than 9.44 crore farmers received the 23rd instalment.
Digital India And UPI: The Digital India programme was launched in 2015, while the Unified Payments Interface (UPI) went live in 2016. Together, they have become closely associated with India’s expansion of digital public infrastructure. UPI completed 10 years in August 2026. Government data shows that annual UPI transaction volume had risen to more than 24,162 crore transactions in FY 2025-26, compared with 1.78 crore in FY 2016-17. In July 2026 alone, UPI recorded 2,366 crore transactions. The change is visible in everyday transactions, from paying at a neighbourhood shop to transferring money between bank accounts.
Mudra Yojana: The Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana (PMMY) was launched in 2015 to provide collateral-free institutional credit to micro and small businesses. The scheme has since expanded its loan categories and now provides loans of up to Rs 20 lakh to eligible enterprises for income-generating activities. As of June 2026, government data showed 59.14 crore loans sanctioned, amounting to Rs 41.71 lakh crore.
Make In India: The Make in India initiative was launched in September 2014 with a focus on investment, manufacturing, innovation and improving India’s position as a production hub. The initiative has since been supported by measures including Production Linked Incentive schemes across 14 sectors. Government data released in 2026 showed that the PLI framework had attracted more than Rs 2.40 lakh crore in actual investment and generated more than 14.15 lakh direct and indirect jobs as of March 31, 2026. The manufacturing push has covered sectors ranging from electronics and pharmaceuticals to automobiles, textiles, food processing and specialty steel.
Taken together, these schemes cover very different aspects of everyday life – how households access banking, cooking fuel, housing, healthcare and drinking water, how farmers receive financial support and how consumers make payments. The numbers also show how some of these programmes have expanded substantially since their launch. At the same time, the impact and implementation of individual schemes have been the subject of ongoing studies, policy discussions and political debate.
